FLN Reading Writing numerical Material

Teaching Learning: Focus on Learning of the Child In India, we have many children who are first generation learners and do not have an environment of literacy and numeracy at home. Teachers therefore need to focus on developing phonological awareness and sound discrimination, and visual perception and visual association that helps children to develop into better readers and writers.

Further, the foundation for mathematical learning or abstract thinking gets laid through play and activity-based approach (including toy-making, art integration, sports integration, storytelling-based learning, ICT integration, group work, role plays, project work in groups, etc.) that are meaningful for every learner.

Hence, teachers would need to focus on the following: Demonstrate equal and appropriate expectations from boys and girls by providing equal attention, respect, and equal learning opportunities. Select books, pictures, posters, toys/materials and other activities free of gender bias. Not use gender biased statements while talking to the learners or giving instructions in the classrooms.

Select such stories, rhymes/songs, activities and facilitation aids that depict girls and boys, including some with special needs, in the same roles as men and women in all professions. Encourage learners to follow their interest that enables them to develop skills of self- regulation, perseverance on task and good work habits.

Use toy-based pedagogy and experiential learning. Emphasis to be given on self-making of toys with no/lowcost material by children easily available in the surrounding. Toys owned by children can be pooled for communication skills, where each child brings a toy to school and then talks about it or writes about it, etc.

FLN Reading Writing numerical Material

Shifting towards Competency Based Learning Outcomes: When children from diverse backgrounds having different learning, needs enter the formal school, all the students are expected to be ready for grade-level content standards to be covered and tested in a timelimited learning system.

Competency based learning is focused on student learning outcomes, and is characterized by: Children advance to the next level only upon mastering the current level, not age. Explicit and measurable learning outcomes are defined which are the pathways for competency acquisition.

Primarily formative assessment is used, and skills or concepts are assessed in multiple contexts to ensure that both deep understanding and applications are acquired by children. For more read Nipun Bharat Guideline.